A new study published in Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine aimed to confirm previous findings related to the association between diabetes and certain agricultural pesticides, and to identify the specific pesticides that are most likely to pose a risk of diabetes in the community (farmers). This was a population-based case-controlled study which was conducted among residents in the Bang Rakam district of Thailand. Lifetime pesticide exposure and other relevant data were collected from 866 participants with diabetes mellitus and 1021 healthy controls. The findings showed that the prevalence of diabetes was positively associated with exposure to all types of pesticides, including insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, rodenticides, and molluscicides, with exposure to rodenticides being statistically significant. Among 35 individual brand-named pesticides investigated, statistically significant odds ratios were noted with three insecticides, including one organochlorine, one organophosphate, and one carbamate, as well as one fungicide. From the results, it was concluded that the occurrence of diabetes among Thai farmers was associated with pesticide exposure. The findings of this study confirmed previous epidemiological and animal study results. Further studies were proposed using a larger sample size to confirm this relationship and to identify more toxic compounds.